Women and Obstetrics: The Loss of Childbirth to Male Physicians Essay

Women and Obstetrics The Loss of Childbirth to Male Physicians womanhood is often referred to as a diseased state of the male norm. checkup testing is done on men, with men as the norm. Womens bodies are diseased and dysfunctional. Female processes are not normal occurrences in the female body. They are abnormal processes, needing male consultation and male solutions. This health checkization of womens bodies occurred during the eighteenth and ordinal centuries as medicine became professionalized and men came to be in control of womens bodies and their processes. During the fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth and part of the eighteenth century, midwives oversaw womens medical needs. Childbirth and diseases of the reproductive organs were the domain of midwives. Books on midwifery taught midwives to diagnose problems, to suggest treatments, and to oversee birth. As men sought to professionalize medicine and to that their control they began to become involved in midwifery and devel oped obstetrics and gynecology. The shift from midwife to obstetrician and gynecologist occurred from the early eighteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Relinquishing control of their territory was not something midwives did voluntarily, rather it happened as a result of questions of womens place and innovations in applied science. Mens access to education and to technology provided them with an reinforcement over female midwives. Female midwives and women in general were denied medical education. They were not exposed, nor allowed to use certain technologies. In order for midwives to keep their job, they were forbidden from practicing medicine. Using technology was practicing medicine midwives could not use technology to ease labor or to diagnose... ...d (New York, New York Oxford University Press, 1986)Leavitt, Judith Walzer, ed., Women and Health in America (Madison, Wisconsin The University of Wisconsin Press, 1984)Mitchinson, Wendy, Hysteria and Insanity in Women A Ninet eenth Century Canadian Perspective Journal of Canadian Studies 21 (1988) 1199-208Morantz-Sanchez, Regina Markell, Sympathy and Science Women Physicians in American Medicine (New York, New York Oxford University Press, 1985)Moscucci, Ornella, The Science of Woman Gynecology and Gender in England 1800-1929 (Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press, 1990)Tatlock, Lynne, Speculum Feminarum Gendered Perspectives on Obstetrics and Gynecology in Early Modern Germany Signs 17 (1992) 725-56Wajcman, Judy, Feminism Confronts Technology (University Park, Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania recite University Press, 1991)